Advent Day 4: Red Bull’s Emergence In Formula One

Origins:

The current Formula 1 team, now known as Red Bull traces its origins back to 1997 when the Stewart Grand Prix team made its debut. By 1999, Jackie Stewart decided to sell his namesake team to the Ford Motor Company, with Ford then making the decision to rebrand the team as Jaguar Racing – although they saw little success over the next five years.

The Jaguar Racing Formula One racing team and constructor was placed on sale in September 2004, with Ford stating that it could “no longer make a compelling business case for any of its brands to compete in Formula One”.

Red Bull – which from 1995 to 2004 were sponsors of the Sauber team – agreed to purchase the Jaguar Racing team only hours before its closure deadline on the 15th November 2004. The deal would be set to safeguard 340 jobs at the team’s Milton Keynes base and would ensure that there would still be 10 teams on the F1 grid for the next season.

Whilst no financial details were released in regards to the sale, Ford were reported to have asked for a symbolic $1 if the new owners guaranteed to invest $400m into the team over the following three Grand Prix seasons. The team continued to use the Cosworth engine that had been developed for their 2005 chassis.

Constructors Championship:

2010:

At the Brazilian Grand Prix in Sao Paulo, Red Bull Racing became the Constructors’ Champion for the first time after Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber finished 1-2 in the race, gifting the teams enough points to finish ahead of McLaren and Ferrari. 

With this result, Red Bull became the first Austrian team to win the Formula One Constructors’ Championship – whilst originally racing under a British licence from 2005 to 2006, the team changed to race under an Austrian licence since the 2007 season.

Team Principal Christian Horner stated that the main goal of the season had been achieved and now their sights were focused on winning the Drivers’ Championship to fully solidify a ‘perfect’ season for the team. 

Pos.ConstructorPoints
1Red Bull-Renault498
2McLaren-Mercedes454
3Ferrari396
4Mercedes214
5Renault163
6Williams-Cosworth69
7Force India-Mercedes68
8BMW Sauber-Ferrari44
9Toro Rosso-Ferrari13
10Lotus-Cosworth0
11HRT-Cosworth0
12Virgin-Cosworth0

2011:

Red Bull Racing was officially promoted to Renault’s full-works partnership status meaning they would receive free engines – whilst Renault’s full-works constructor team was rebranded to Lotus Renault GP.

The team defended their Constructors’ Championship title, completing the season with 650 points in the Championship, some 153 points ahead of the next closest team McLaren.

Pos.ConstructorPoints
1Red Bull Racing-Renault650
2McLaren-Mercedes497
3Ferrari375
4Mercedes165
5Renault73
6Force India-Mercedes69
7Sauber-Ferrari44
8Toro Rosso-Ferrari41
9Williams-Cosworth5
10Lotus-Renault0
11HRT-Cosworth0
12Virgin-Cosworth0

2012:

Red Bull Racing secured their third consecutive World Constructors’ Championship after Sebastian Vettel finished in second place at the United States Grand Prix.

Pos.ConstructorPoints
1Red Bull-Renault460
2Ferrari400
3McLaren-Mercedes378
4Lotus-Renault303
5Mercedes142
6Sauber-Ferrari126
7Force India-Mercedes109
8Williams-Renault75
9Toro Rosso-Ferrari26
10Caterham-Renault0
11Marussia-Cosworth0
12HRT-Cosworth0

2013:

With Sebastian Vettel successfully defending his World Championship title for a fourth consecutive year, his performance – as well as that of his teammate Mark Webber – allowed Red Bull Racing to successfully defend their World Constructors’ Championship title for a fourth consecutive year.

Pos.ConstructorPoints
1Red Bull Racing-Renault596
2Mercedes360
3Ferrari354
4Lotus-Renault315
5McLaren-Mercedes122
6Force India-Mercedes77
7Sauber-Ferrari57
8Toro Rosso-Ferrari33
9Williams-Renault5
10Marussia-Cosworth0
11Caterham-Renault0

2022:

The American multinational software company Oracle became the team’s title sponsor for the season.

Following Honda’s withdrawal as a works entity after 2021, an engine development freeze which was lobbied by Red Bull allowed the team to sign a deal with Honda to utilise their engines until the end of the 2024 season.

Red Bull Racing achieved their fifth World Constructors’ Championship – their first since 2013 – at the United States Grand Prix after out-scoring rivals Ferrari by 22 points in the race.

Pos.ConstructorPoints
1Red Bull Racing-RBPT759
2Ferrari554
3Mercedes515
4Alpine-Renault173
5McLaren-Mercedes159
6Alfa Romeo-Ferrari55
7Aston Martin Aramco-Mercedes55
8Haas-Ferrari37
9AlphaTauri-RBPT35
10Williams-Mercedes8

2023:

With Red Bull Racing retaining their 2022 line-up of defending World Champion Max Verstappen and Sergio Perez, the RB19 was immediately on the pace during pre-season testing. In the first race of the season in Bahrain, Verstappen comfortably took pole position and the race victory. Perez would go on to win two races during the season at the Saudi Arabian and Azerbaijan Grand Prixs. 

The only race that Red Bull did not win in the 2023 season was in Singapore, where Verstappen and Perez finished in fifth and eighth place respectively; former Toro Rosso driver Carlos Sainz Jr. would take the victory at Marina Bay.

Red Bull remained consistent throughout the season, securing the Constructors’ Championship after Verstappen’s win at the Japanese Grand Prix, with the Dutch driver defending his title at the following Qatar Grand Prix Sprint race.

The RB19, designed by Adrian Newey, was noted as being one of the most dominant cars in Formula One history, winning 21 out of the 22 races in the season, with a 95.45% win rate. Winning the 2023 Hungarian Grand Prix, the twelfth consecutive race, set the record for most consecutive wins by a constructor, beating the record of eleven which was previously held by McLaren since the 1988 Belgian Grand Prix. The streak was later extended to fifteen, with additional wins at the Belgian, Dutch and Italian Grand Prixs.

Pos.ConstructorPoints
1Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT860
2Mercedes409
3Ferrari406
4McLaren-Mercedes302
5Aston Martin Aramco-Mercedes280
6Alpine-Renault120
7Williams-Mercedes28
8AlphaTauri-Honda RBPT25
9Alfa Romeo-Ferrari16
10Haas-Ferrari12

Drivers Championship:

Sebastian Vettel:

Sebastian Vettel is a German racing driver who competed in Formula One between 2007 and 2022, claiming four consecutive World Drivers’ Championship titles between 2010 and 2013 with Red Bull. He remains, to this day, the youngest-ever World Drivers’ Champion and across the 16 seasons he raced, Vettel won a total of 53 Grand Prixs.

Vettel began karting competitively aged eight – claiming the victory in the junior direct-drive Karting European Championship in 2001 – before quickly graduating to the junior formulae categories.

He begun his single-seater career in Formula BMW ADAC, dominating the 2004 season with 18 wins from 20 races, before progressing to the Formula 3 Euro Series in 2005, taking multiple victories and then finishing runner-up in the Championship in the following season to Paul di Resta.

In 2006 he entered the Formula 1 circuit as a test driver for BMW Sauber, before making his debut at the 2007 United States Grand Prix in which he qualified in seventh place before ultimately finishing the race in ninth place.

For the remainder of the 2007 season, Vettel replaced Scott Speed at Toro Rosso, as a part of the Red Bull Junior Team and finished the season in 14th place in the Drivers’ Championship. He retained the seat for the 2008 season, achieving his maiden pole position and victory at the Italian Grand Prix, to become – at the time – the youngest driver to win a Formula One Grand Prix. Vettel was promoted to Red Bull in 2009, taking several victories before eventually finishing runner-up to Jenson Button in the World Drivers’ Championship.

2010 saw Vettel become the youngest-ever Formula One World Drivers’ Champion at the age of 23 years old – a record he still holds to this day – after winning the title-deciding Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. He dominated the 2011 season to successfully defend his Championship title, before claiming his third consecutive Championship in 2012 after a close title battle with Fernando Alonso.

Vettel set several records in 2013, winning 13 out of the 19 Grand Prixs – including a then-record nine consecutive victories – before claiming his fourth consecutive and final title with Red Bull.

The 2014 season saw the German driver go winless, before he announced he had signed for Ferrari to replace Fernando Alonso and partner Kimi Raikkonen in the following season – taking several wins before finishing third in the standings. Another winless season followed in 2016, before he emerged as the closest challenger to Mercedes and Lewis Hamilton, finishing runner-up in both 2017 and 2018 after claiming several victories across both Championships.

Vettel took his final win for Ferrari at the Singapore Grand Prix in 2019 before leaving the team at the end of the 2020 season. He moved to the recently-established Aston Martin Aramco F1 Team in 2021, where he scored his final podium finish of his career at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix, before retiring from the sport at the conclusion of the 2022 season.

Max Verstappen:

Max Verstappen is a Dutch-Belgian racing driver, currently competing with a Dutch Licence in Formula One for Red Bull Racing. Verstappen has won four consecutive Formula One World Drivers’ Championship titles – like Red Bull’s other Champion, Sebastian Vettel – from 2021 to 2024.

After a successful karting career, in which at the age of 15 he won three CIK-FIA championships in a single season – two European Championships and a World Championship – Verstappen graduated to the junior formulae categories. He moved directly into the FIA European Formula 3 Championship, breaking several records before finishing in third place in his rookie season with Van Amersfoort.

Whilst being a member of the Red Bull Junior Team, Verstappen signed for Toro Rosso in 2015, at the age of 17, to become the youngest driver in Formula One history at the Australian Grand Prix season opener. After claiming several points finishes in his debut season, he retained his seat for the 2016 season, before being promoted to Red Bull after only four rounds.

On his debut for Red Bull, the then-18 year-old, won the Spanish Grand Prix, breaking the record for the youngest-ever driver to win a Formula One Grand Prix. Over both the 2017 and 2018 seasons, Verstappen claimed multiple race victories, before finishing third in both the 2019 and 2020 World Drivers’ Championships.

The 2021 Formula One World Championship saw Verstappen and Hamilton enter the final round in Abu Dhabi on exactly 369.5 points, with the Dutch driver leading on countback. He claimed pole position for the race before having a slow start and losing out on the lead to Hamilton going into Turn 1. Following a crash involving Williams’ driver Nicholas Latifi, the Safety Car was called and the way the race resumed was met with severe controversy – after race director Michael Masi only allowed a certain number of lapped cars through in order to save time to allow the race to be restarted once the track was clear. Verstappen passed Hamilton at Turn 5 on the final lap of the race to become the first Dutch Formula One World Champion.

Verstappen claimed his second consecutive title in the 2022 Championship, after a victory from pole position in the shortened Japanese Grand Prix, saw the Red Bull driver with a 113-point lead in the standings with four races remaining. The season-finale in Abu Dhabi was his 15th victory of the year, breaking the record of 13 race wins in a season that was shared between Michael Schumacher in 2004 and Sebastian Vettel in 2013.

He claimed his third World Drivers’ Championship title at the Qatar Grand Prix sprint race despite finishing in second place to Oscar Piastri, before winning the Sunday’s Grand Prix race from pole position. His pole and victory at the season-finale in Abu Dhabi was his 19th win of the year, breaking his own record from 2022. He scored a total of 575 points, which was more than double that of his teammate and second-placed Perez.

He claimed his fourth consecutive World Drivers’ Championship by finishing ahead of McLaren’s Lando Norris at the Las Vegas Grand Prix, with two races remaining of the season.

Notable Personnel:

Christian Horner

Christian Horner is a British motorsport executive and former racing driver who, since 2005, has been the team principal and CEO of Red Bull Racing in Formula One, guiding the team to six World Constructors’ Championship titless between 2010 and 2023.

Like the majority of drivers, Horner started his career in karting before moving into car racing as a result of winning the Formula Renault scholarship in 1991. He competed in the 1992 British Formula Renault Championship with Manor Motorsport, finishing the season as a race winner and the highest-placed rookie.

After a stint in British Formula Three between 1993 and 1996, Horner moved up to Formula 3000 in 1997 after founding the Arden team. He set up the team with borrowed money, including a loan from his father, and appointed P1 Motorsport founder Roly Vincini as race engineer.

Horner remained in F3000 for the 1998 season and was joined by Kurt Mollekens, who at one stage led the championship, before deciding to step back from driving at the conclusion of the season in order to focus on developing the Arden team.

In January of 2005, Horner was appointed to head Red Bull Racing, becoming the youngest team principal at the time. Despite only being appointed eight weeks before the season-opener in Australia, the team got off to a good start under his leadership, going on to score a total of 34 points for the team compared to the nine taken by Jaguar the previous year. Horner also is noted as playing a key role in recruiting Adrian Newey as the team’s Chief Technical Officer in November 2005.

In 2010, the team won their first Constructors’ Championship with one race in hand. At the age of 35, Horner was the second youngest team principal to win a Formula 1 Constructors’ Championship – Colin Chapman being the youngest after winning in 1963 at the age of 34.

Helmut Marko

Helmut Marko is an Austrian former racing driver and motorsport executive who competed in Formula One from 1971 to 1972. Marko won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1971 with Martini, before founding RSM Marko in 1989. He has been the advisor to Red Bull Racing and its related teams since 2005, winning six World Constructors’ Championship titles.

Marko found success in the European Touring Car Championship and became a class winner at the 1970 24 Hours of Le Mans with Martini, before progressing to the premier class the following year, winning the race in then-record distance alongside Gijs van Lennep.

Helmut Marko made his debut in Formula One with Bonnier at the German Grand Prix of that year, before joining BRM for the remainder of the 1971 season and retaining his seat in 1972.  During the 1972 French Grand Prix, Marko was seriously injured when debris from the March of Ronnie Peterson pierced his visor, leaving him permanently blinded in his left eye, ending his racing career at the age of 29.

After retiring from motor racing, Marko managed Austrian racing drivers Gerhard Berger and Karl Wendlinger for several years before founding RSM Marko in 1989 – a racing team that competed in Formula 3 and Formula 3000 – before running under the name Red Bull Junior Team from 1999 onwards.

Since then, Marko has overseen the Red Bull Driver Development Programme, which has seen several drivers progress to Formula One, including Sebastian Vettel, Daniel Riccardo, Carlos Sainz Jr., Pierre Gasly and Max Verstappen.

Adrian Newey:

Adrian Newey is a British engineer, aerodynamicist, automotive designer and motorsport executive. From 2025 onwards, Newey is set to serve as Technical Director and Co-Owner of Aston Martin in Formula One. He previously worked as Technical Director of Leyton House and McLaren, Chief Designer of March and Williams, and the Chief Technical Officer of Red Bull Racing.

Newey is widely regarded as one of the greatest engineers in Formula One history, with his designs having won 12 World Constructors’ Championship titles and 223 Grand Prixs between 1991 and 2024.

After designing championship-winning Formula One cars for Williams and McLare, Newey was recruited to Red Bull Racing in 2006, with the cars he designed winning the Formula One Drivers’ and Constructors’ Championships consecutively from 2010 to 2013, the Drivers’ Championship in 2021, and both Championships in 2022 and 2023.

Red Bull Drivers Academy:

The Red Bull Junior Team is a driver development programme that helps to identify and develop talent in open-wheel racing. Members of the Junior Team are financed and sponsored by Red Bull in kart racing and junior formulae.

The programme has been successful in guiding a selection of drivers through the lower formula’s into Formula One. Five graduates – Sebastian Vettel, Daniel Riccardo, Max Verstappen, Pierre Gasly and Carlos Sainz Jr. – have each won a Formula One Grand Prix, whilst Vettel and Verstappen have won the World Drivers’ Championship a combined eight times.

The Red Bull Junior Team was formed in 2001 as Red Bull’s European driver programme, but it was also the name of RSM Marko, a team that competed in International Formula 3000 between 1999 and 2003, which was sponsored by Red Bull and run by Helmut Marko.

Red Bull offers funding and support for the prospective young drivers that are part of the programme. In 2004, Christian Klien became the first Red Bull Junior to graduate into Formula One, whilst in 2008, Sebastian Vettel became the first graduate to win a Formula One Grand Prix (Italian Grand Prix), before going on to become the first graduate to win the Formula One World Drivers’ Championship in 2010.

In 2024, Red Bull formed a separate programme, called the Red Bull Ford Academy Programme, to support the team’s F1 Academy drivers.

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